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Insulin

Complete info about Insulin

Insulin is one of the most powerful anabolic agents in the world. Used properly, it can help you add weight more quickly than any other compound at your disposal.
Used improperly, insulin will kill you.

It's important to stress that last part: Screw up with this stuff, and you die. You will go into a coma and die. And we are talking about simply taking too much of this stuff once.
This drug needs to be treated with caution. If you aren't willing to read as much as possible on insulin before using it, then you aren't ready to use it at all.

So first, let's talk about the insulin that's floating around in your body right now, and what it does, then we'll talk about how adding exogenous insulin (insulin from outside your body) could possibly help you.

Insulin is a protein secreted by the pancreas that acts on the liver to stimulate the formation of glycogen from glucose and to inhibit the conversion of non-carbohydrates into glucose. Insulin also promotes facilitated diffusion of glucose through cells with insulin receptors, and, of course, this means muscle tissue (1). As you may expect, very high concentrations of insulin have resulted in markedly stimulated muscle protein synthesis (2)(3)(4)(9). It does this mainly at the translational level by enhancing peptide chain initiation (11). This property and its consequent results are probably the things which makes it most interesting to bodybuilders and athletes. This is because those factors combine to make ingested protein more efficient by promoting the transport of amino acids into muscle cells. Ergo, we can clearly say that insulin is undoubtedly anabolic in muscle tissue. It also has an anabolic effect in bone, and thereby increases bone density as well (8). Another mechanism by which insulin is anabolic is via increasing your body's IGF (Insulin-like Growth Factor) levels (6). IGF is an extremely anabolic hormone.

Another unexpected aspect of insulin use is its ability to increase both LH (Leutenizing Hormone) and FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone), both of which—in turn—stimulate testosterone production. Insulin stimulates gonadotropin secretion, meaning that its use may actually provide an anabolic effect through increasing your HPTA's ability to stimulate the production of testosterone (Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular-Axis) (11). This effect is often manifested as virilization (development of male sexual characteristics) in women. Insulin also increases the binding ability of anabolic steroids to the androgen receptors (14), which would clearly suggest the strong possibility of a synergistic effect of insulin when combined with steroids. Most people also think that insulin has some anabolic synergy when combined with growth hormone, and certainly there is a lot of anecdotal evidence for this as well. In addition to anecdotal research, it's important to note that insulin is actually so anabolic that some researchers have speculated that Growth Hormone's (GH) ability to stimulate protein synthesis may actually be, in part, due to GH's ability to increase insulin sensitivity (12). Certainly the complex relationship between insulin, IGF, and GH is very synergistic (13)(15)(16)(17). Using all three of them plus anabolic steroids and a fat-burner is the most potent muscle-building & fat -burning cycle possible. Of course, when something seems too good to be true, it usually is...

Unfortunately, the bad news is that insulin can easily stimulate adipose (fat) storage. Generally, though, most bodybuilders take insulin with a fat burner or two (thyroid meds are the most popular choice), as well as anabolic steroids and sometimes even GH and IGF, for reasons previously explained. All of this adds up to decreasing the chance that fat is stored, and greatly increases the amount of muscle that will be gained.

Anyway, as you probably guessed, endogenous insulin (the stuff naturally found in your body) operates on feedback from within your body. When your glucose levels get high, which is what happens when you eat a sugary snack, insulin is then released from your beta cells. When glucose is low, insulin is, of course, low. In fact, simply adding liquid glucose to a liquid amino-acid meal (thereby raising insulin levels) will increase the absorption of the ingested amino acids by roughly 50%! (7) Now, think about this: If a natural insulin response to ingested glucose can give you 50% better absorption of protein, how much protein absorption injecting it will give you?

So, now that we have some kind of understanding as to what endogenous insulin does, let's try to figure out exactly what exogenous insulin can do (that's the kind you get from a bottle). Medically, of course, insulin is used to treat diabetes, thus becoming diabetic is a real risk with improper insulin usage.

First, let’s look at some clinical examples of how insulin has been used as an anti-catabolic agent. In the first study insulin levels were increased 15-fold in infants suffering extreme catabolism. This level of insulin administration produced a 32% reduction in protein breakdown (4). In the second study, exogenous insulin impeded muscle protein loss in burn victims (5). It's important to note that you MUST have enough amino acids (protein) in your body for insulin to exert an anabolic effect. If there are not enough amino acids floating around in your body from your last few meals, insulin will not be anabolic at all. On the other hand, If amino acid concentrations are maintained at normal or high levels as they would be in a typical athlete or bodybuilder's diet, a net protein deposition in muscle will occur (more protein deposited in your muscle = more mucle gained). This effect—insulin depositing protein in your muscles—is primarily because of an actual stimulation of protein synthesis and also owes to an inhibition of protein breakdown (10). The lesson here is that even with insulin, diet is the key to it all. You need to have enough protein in order to build muscle, regardless of how much insulin you take.

Insulin puts your protein balance into a much more beneficial state, and concomitantly lowers protein degradation by inhibition of the lysosomal pathway (this is its anti-catabolic effect) (11) and raises protein synthesis (this is its anabolic effect). Insulin can efficiently utilize a great deal of protein above and beyond what your body normally could, and that if you should decide to use insulin, you should be taking in at least 2.2g/kg of bodyweight, and preferably 3­4.5g/kg of bodyweight.

Before going deeper into usage of Insulin, here are two basic ideas on how to safely use insulin, as well as a third "hybrid idea," and a dirty little trick on how to use insulin with a cyclic ketogenic diet, to get into ketosis earlier.

Whichever way you decide to use, remember, insulin has the ability to stimulate fat storage, so you want to make sure you are using anabolic steroids with it, as they will preferentially drive protein and nutrients towards being used for the accumulation of lean body mass over adipose tissue (fat). A lot of people like to use a thyroid medication (Synthroid) to further insure none of injectable insulin is going to put any fat on the body. GH and IGF are also very potent (and expensive) additions to any stack containing insulin. If all of that didn't whet your appetite, then consider the fact that insulin, GH, and IGF are undetectable on drug tests! Currently, there are speculative ways to test for them, but nothing consistent has been established. I nsulin, GH, and IGF have helped out many a top-level "natural" bodybuilder.

So now that we know something about insulin, let's see what kind is most appropriate for bodybuilding or athletic purposes, as there are several types of insulin available, and choosing the correct type is of utmost importance. Basically there are 5 different types of insulin we'll look at, and from them, we'll pick the type which will best suit our purposes of building muscle:

  • Humalog (Insulin lispro inj.) is the fastest acting insulin available
  • Humulin-R (Regular Insulin) has a short duration of effect
  • Humulin-N (Insulin Isophane) is intermediate length insulin
  • Humulin-U(Medium Zinc Suspension) is another intermediate length insulin
  • Humulin-U, utalente (Prolonged Zinc Suspension) is long acting insulin

(*there are also blends available of two or more of these types of insulin, in varying ratios of long:short or anything in-between)

Of these 6 possible choices, the first would appear to be the best and safest, but that particular type of insulin is (unfortunately) only available with a prescription, and getting it through a typical steroid source (which usually means through the mail) is not advisable, since you can not be sure it has been properly stored and refrigerated throughout shipping and handling. Needless to say, attempting to forge a prescription for this stuff is an exceptionally poor idea.

Our next best choice for injectable insulin is Humulin-R, so that's what we're going to be using. Humulin R is available without a prescription, from any pharmacy. This stuff has a fairly rapid onset and peak, ergo it is much easier to deal with than the other forms of insulin available...some last very long, or have varying peaks and spikes throughout their duration, and as such are just too difficult to monitor and control.

The first and most obvious way to utilize insulin for its anabolic effect is to take a little bit with each meal, possibly 1-2iu's up to 5-6x a day (insulin is measured in international units, not mgs as is common with anabolic steroids). This way you'd be getting the greatest benefit of insulin possible with each meal, and the least risk of using too much and going into shock. Of course some bodybuilders have reported using up to 20-40iu/day, but it is not recommended unless you are very experienced, and have your diet in perfect order. You'll want to take in a tiny bit of essential fats, a decent amount of mixed carbs (i.e. carbs of varying glycemic indexes), and at least 40g of protein with each meal, when using this method. Clearly, you'll also want to work up to this amount of insulin, perhaps adding 1 iu per day until you reach a level you are comfortable with. This holds true for either method of insulin use  presented here.

The second way you can use it is to take 1 iu of insulin with your post workout meal, eventually working up to 1iu/10kgs of bodyweight. When using this method, you'll want a post workout shake consisting of roughly 100-200g of mixed carbs and 40-50 grams of protein...and don't forget a small amount of essential fats with your shake. People used insulin this way, along with anabolic steroids and a thyroid med, have found it to enhance the gains from cycle by around 15-20% as compared with a similar cycle that did not include insulin.

The final method is to use the first method as well as the second, so you'd be taking in 1-2ius with each regular meal and up to 1iu/10kgs of bodyweight with your post workout meal. This would ensure maximum efficiency from each bite of food you eat...but this way is also the most dangerous, and you need to monitor your blood sugar. If you get tired after a shot you'll need to get some mixed carbs into you quickly (Gatorade and a few granola and/or candy bars). It's a good idea to carry those kinds of things around with you as insurance that your blood sugar doesn't go too low. You also don't want to take this stuff at night before bed, because you won't know if your blood sugar is going low and that's making you drowsy (meaning you could be facing hypoglycemia, and be about to go into a coma) or you are just tired because it's your normal bedtime.

And as for that dirty little trick: A small amount of insulin may be taken when starting a cyclic ketogenic diet, with your first meal on the day you begin. This meal would be fats and proteins, without carts, and only 2-4iu of insulin would be taken. At the following meal, you can use half the dose of insulin as you did at your first meal. The result would be that you could be in ketosis before the end of that first day, whereas usually it would take 2 or even up to 3 days to accomplish this. Using insulin in this manner is very dangerous, and was even called "Death Wish Dieting" by Dan Duchaine.
Whichever method you use, remember to keep your insulin refrigerated, as it will degrade very quickly outside of a cool environment. Don't leave this stuff out of the fridge too long, either.

The other thing you don't want to do is use regular needles to inject insulin. You NEED insulin pins to accurately dose this stuff; remember, too much can be deadly, and the syringes you would use to inject steroids are too big to measure out units of insulin. Insulin is given via a subcutaneous injection (below the skin but above the muscle), and regular needles are just too big to do that.
Insulin (or at least Humulin-R) is currently not a controlled substance, and you should be able to buy it at your local drug store pretty cheaply.

References

  • Human Anatomy and Physiology, 6th Edition, John W. Hole
  • hyperinsulinemia unmasks insulin's effect to stimulate protein synthesis in human forearm.Am. J. Physiol. 274 (Endocrinol. Metab. 37): E1067-E1074, 1999
  • Impaired anabolic response of muscle protein synthesis is associated with S6K1 dysregulation in elderly humans. FASEB J. 2004 Oct;18(13):1586-7. Epub 2004 Aug 19.
  • Intravenous insulin decreases protein breakdown in infants on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.) Pediatr Surg. 2004 Jun;39(6):839-44; discussion 839-44.
  • Extremity hyperinsulinemia stimulates muscle protein synthesis in severely injured patients Am 3 Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Apr;286(4):E529-34. Epub 2003 Dec 9.
  • Insulin: the other anabolic hormone of puberty. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1999 Dec;88(433):84-7. Review.
  • Contribution of amino acids and insulin to protein anabolism during meal absorption. Diabetes. 1996 Sep;45(9):1245-52.
  • Anabolic effects of insulin on bone suggest a role for chromium picolinate in preservation of bone density.Med Hypotheses. 1995 Sep;45(3):241-6. Review.
  • Physiologic hyperinsulinemia stimulates protein synthesis and enhances transport of selected amino acids in human skeletal muscle. J Clin Invest. 1995 Feb;95(2):811-9.
  • Insulin action on protein metabolism.Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993 Oct;7(4):989-1005. Review.
  • Effects of chronic hyperandrogenism and/or administered central nervous system insulin on ovarian manifestation and gonadotropin and steroid secretion. Fertil Steril. 2005 Apr;83 Suppl 4:1319-26.
  • Metabolic effects of growth hormone in humans. Metabolism. 1995 Oct;44(10 Suppl 4):33-6.
  • Clinical uses of insulin-like growth factor I. Ann Intern Med. 1994 Apr 1;120(7):593-601.
  • Binding of methyltrienolone to androgen receptors in human skin fibroblasts is enhanced by insulin.) Androl. 1992 May-Jun;13(3):242-8.
  • Are the metabolic effects of GH and IGF-I separable?Growth Horm IGF Res. 2005 Feb;15(1):19-27
  • IGF-1 and insulin as growth hormones.Novartis Found Symp. 2004;262:56-77; discussion 77-83, 265-8. Review
  • Divergent effect of endogenous and exogenous sex steroids on the insulin-like growth factor I response to growth hormone in short normal adolescents.) Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Dec;89(12):6185-92